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1.
FASEB J ; 38(7): e23587, 2024 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38568835

RESUMO

Mastitis is a disease characterized by congestion, swelling, and inflammation of the mammary gland and usually caused by infection with pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, the development of mastitis is closely linked to the exogenous pathway of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing the gut-metabolism-mammary axis remain incompletely understood. The present study revealed alterations in the gut microbiota of mastitis rats characterized by an increased abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum. Plasma analysis revealed significantly higher levels of L-isoleucine and cholic acid along with 7-ketodeoxycholic acid. Mammary tissue showed elevated levels of arachidonic acid metabolites and norlithocholic acid. Proteomic analysis showed increased levels of IFIH1, Tnfaip8l2, IRGM, and IRF5 in mastitis rats, which suggests that mastitis triggers an inflammatory response and immune stress. Follistatin (Fst) and progesterone receptor (Pgr) were significantly downregulated, raising the risk of breast cancer. Extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors and focal adhesion signaling pathways were downregulated, while blood-milk barrier integrity was disrupted. Analysis of protein-metabolic network regulation revealed that necroptosis, protein digestion and absorption, and arachidonic acid metabolism were the principal regulatory pathways involved in the development of mastitis. In short, the onset of mastitis leads to changes in the microbiota and alterations in the metabolic profiles of various biological samples, including colonic contents, plasma, and mammary tissue. Key manifestations include disturbances in bile acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. At the same time, the integrity of the blood-milk barrier is compromised while inflammation is promoted, thereby reducing cell adhesion in the mammary glands. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the metabolic status of mastitis and provide new insights into its impact on the immune system.


Assuntos
Mastite , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Feminino , Humanos , Ratos , Animais , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologia , Proteômica , Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Mastite/microbiologia , Mastite/patologia , Mastite/veterinária , Inflamação/metabolismo , Redes e Vias Metabólicas , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/metabolismo , Infecções Estafilocócicas/metabolismo
2.
Int Breastfeed J ; 19(1): 27, 2024 Apr 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38641819

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lactational mastitis is a common painful and debilitating inflammation of breast tissue, generally treated conservatively or with pus puncture in case of breast abscess. However, treating mastitis in patients with implantable surgical material located in the affected breast region can be extremely challenging. We present an unusual case of lactational mastitis complicated by pacemaker pocket infection in a breastfeeding mother. CASE PRESENTATION: A 35-year-old pacemaker-dependent female developed lactational mastitis seven weeks postpartum. Initially, the condition was treated conservatively with analgesics and antibiotics. After abscess formation, pus was aspirated using fine-needle aspiration technique. Four weeks after mastitis resolution, pacemaker pocket infection developed. According to current cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection treatment guidelines a complete surgical extraction of the entire electronic system, followed by targeted antibiotic treatment and reimplantation of a new device after infection resolution, was recommended. However, after thorough discussion with the young woman and her family and after detailed review of surgery-related risks, she declined a potentially high-risk surgical procedure. Thus, only the pulse generator was explanted; pacing leads positioned in the sub-pectoral pocket; new pacemaker implanted on the contralateral side and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy continued for six weeks. After breastfeeding cessation, and with chronic fistula development at the primary pacemaker implantation site, the possibility of delayed surgical intervention including complete extraction of retained pacemaker leads was again thoroughly discussed with her. After thoughtful consideration the woman consented to the proposed treatment strategy. A surgical procedure including transvenous lead extraction through the primary implantation venous entry site, using hand-powered bidirectional rotational sheaths, was successfully performed, removing all retained leads through the left subclavian venous entry site, and leaving the fully functional and clinically uninfected pacemaker on the contralateral site intact. CONCLUSION: Although patients' decisions for delayed extraction in a case of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection should be discouraged by attending physicians and members of interdisciplinary teams, our case shows that a stepwise treatment strategy may be successful as a bailout clinical scenario in patients with specific requests, demands and / or clinical needs.


Assuntos
Mastite , Marca-Passo Artificial , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Aleitamento Materno , Abscesso/tratamento farmacológico , Mastite/terapia , Marca-Passo Artificial/efeitos adversos , Lactação , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico
3.
Genet Sel Evol ; 56(1): 27, 2024 Apr 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38589805

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Claw diseases and mastitis represent the most important health issues in dairy cattle with a frequently mentioned connection to milk production. Although many studies have aimed at investigating this connection in more detail by estimating genetic correlations, they do not provide information about causality. An alternative is to carry out Mendelian randomization (MR) studies using genetic variants to investigate the effect of an exposure on an outcome trait mediated by genetic variants. No study has yet investigated the causal association of milk yield (MY) with health traits in dairy cattle. Hence, we performed a MR analysis of MY and seven health traits using imputed whole-genome sequence data from 34,497 German Holstein cows. We applied a method that uses summary statistics and removes horizontal pleiotropic variants (having an effect on both traits), which improves the power and unbiasedness of MR studies. In addition, genetic correlations between MY and each health trait were estimated to compare them with the estimates of causal effects that we expected. RESULTS: All genetic correlations between MY and each health trait were negative, ranging from - 0.303 (mastitis) to - 0.019 (digital dermatitis), which indicates a reduced health status as MY increases. The only non-significant correlation was between MY and digital dermatitis. In addition, each causal association was negative, ranging from - 0.131 (mastitis) to - 0.034 (laminitis), but the number of significant associations was reduced to five nominal and two experiment-wide significant results. The latter were between MY and mastitis and between MY and digital phlegmon. Horizontal pleiotropic variants were identified for mastitis, digital dermatitis and digital phlegmon. They were located within or nearby variants that were previously reported to have a horizontal pleiotropic effect, e.g., on milk production and somatic cell count. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the known negative genetic connection between health traits and MY in dairy cattle. In addition, they provide new information about causality, which for example points to the negative energy balance mediating the connection between these traits. This knowledge helps to better understand whether the negative genetic correlation is based on pleiotropy, linkage between causal variants for both trait complexes, or indeed on a causal association.


Assuntos
Dermatite Digital , Mastite , Animais , Bovinos/genética , Feminino , Celulite (Flegmão) , Lactação/genética , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Leite
4.
PLoS One ; 19(4): e0299234, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38630770

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this investigation was to identify the main compounds and the pharmacological mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine formulation, Gong Ying San (GYS), by infrared spectral absorption characteristics, metabolomics, network pharmacology, and molecular-docking analysis for mastitis. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities were determined in vitro. METHODS: The chemical constituents of GYS were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Q-extractive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS). Related compounds were screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP, http://tcmspw.com/tcmsp.php) and the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM, http://www.tcmip.cn/ETCM/index.php/Home/) databases; genes associated with mastitis were identified in DisGENT. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was generated using STRING. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment screening was conducted using the R module. Molecular-docking analyses were performed with the AutoDockTools V1.5.6. RESULTS: Fifty-four possible compounds in GYS with forty likely targets were found. The compound-target-network analysis showed that five of the ingredients, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, and stigmasterol, had degree values >41.6, and the genes TNF, IL-6, IL-1ß, ICAM1, CXCL8, CRP, IFNG, TP53, IL-2, and TGFB1 were core targets in the network. Enrichment analysis revealed that pathways associated with cancer, lipids, atherosclerosis, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways may be critical in the pharmacology network. Molecular-docking data supported the hypothesis that quercetin and luteolin interacted well with TNF-α and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: An integrative investigation based on a bioinformatics-network topology provided new insights into the synergistic, multicomponent mechanisms of GYS's anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. It revealed novel possibilities for developing new combination medications for reducing mastitis and its complications.


Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Mastite , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Bovinos , Farmacologia em Rede , Antioxidantes , Interleucina-6 , Luteolina , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Quercetina , Antibacterianos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa
5.
Open Vet J ; 14(1): 370-388, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38633191

RESUMO

Background: Mastitis in goats is unquestionably a grave concern, with far-reaching implications for both animal well-being and productivity, while also presenting a potential threat to public health. Aim: The study aimed to compare culture methods and multiplex PCR (m-PCR) in the detection of the most three common mastitis-causing pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus spp.) and investigate the gene expression, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), serum concentrations of immunological and antioxidant indicators linked to mastitis in Shami goats. Methods: One hundred Shami do (50 Shami goats with clinical mastitis and 50 normal goats taken as control group). The culture methods and m-PCR analysis were used to find the bacteria in the milk samples. Blood samples were obtained to assess some hemato-biochemical parameters, detect SNPs, and determine the expression of certain immunological and antioxidant indicators in the genes. Results: The culture method detected the pathogens causing mastitis in 90% of the milk samples, but m-PCR detected them in 100% of the milk samples. SNPs linked to mastitis resistance/susceptibility in examined does were detected through DNA sequencing of immunological and antioxidant indicators. The magnitude of gene expression varied significantly between the resistant and mastitis-affected groups. Significant (P ˂ 0.05) elevations were noticed in WBCs count, mainly neutsrophils count, serum levels of BHB, NEFA, triglycerides, LDL-C, AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, total protein, globulin, Ca, K, GPx, MDA, acute phase proteins, and cytokines in mastitis affected does as compared to control. While RBCs count, PCV%, lymphocytes count, serum concentration of glucose, cholesterol, HDL-C, albumin, Na, Cl, P, GSH, SOD, and catalase significantly (P ˂ 0.05) diminished in mastitis affected does compared to healthy ones. APPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines scored high sensitivities and NPVs but TNF-α and serum amyloid A (SAA) had the highest percentages of increase. Conclusion: The study confirmed that m-PCR is the most sensitive method for bacteria identification (S. aureus, E. coli, and Strept. spp.) while SNPs in antioxidant and immunological genes may be important genetic indicators for mastitis risk or resistance in Shami does. To establish an effective management plan and forecast the most sensitive risk time for illness onset, gene expression profiles of the tested genes may also be employed as proxy biomarkers. TNF-α and SAA may be precious indicators for the detection of caprine mastitis.


Assuntos
Doenças das Cabras , Mastite , Feminino , Animais , Antioxidantes , Cabras , Staphylococcus aureus , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Egito , Escherichia coli , Bactérias , Mastite/microbiologia , Mastite/veterinária , Genômica , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia
6.
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak ; 24(1): 106, 2024 Apr 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38649879

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to build a machine learning (ML) model to predict the recurrence probability for postoperative non-lactating mastitis (NLM) by Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost algorithms. It can provide the ability to identify the risk of NLM recurrence and guidance in clinical treatment plan. METHODS: This study was conducted on inpatients who were admitted to the Mammary Department of Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2019 to December 2021. Inpatient data follow-up has been completed until December 2022. Ten features were selected in this study to build the ML model: age, body mass index (BMI), number of abortions, presence of inverted nipples, extent of breast mass, white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), albumin-globulin ratio (AGR) and triglyceride (TG) and presence of intraoperative discharge. We used two ML approaches (RF and XGBoost) to build models and predict the NLM recurrence risk of female patients. Totally 258 patients were randomly divided into a training set and a test set according to a 75%-25% proportion. The model performance was evaluated based on Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score and AUC. The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method was used to interpret the model. RESULTS: There were 48 (18.6%) NLM patients who experienced recurrence during the follow-up period. Ten features were selected in this study to build the ML model. For the RF model, BMI is the most important influence factor and for the XGBoost model is intraoperative discharge. The results of tenfold cross-validation suggest that both the RF model and the XGBoost model have good predictive performance, but the XGBoost model has a better performance than the RF model in our study. The trends of SHAP values of all features in our models are consistent with the trends of these features' clinical presentation. The inclusion of these ten features in the model is necessary to build practical prediction models for recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The results of tenfold cross-validation and SHAP values suggest that the models have predictive ability. The trend of SHAP value provides auxiliary validation in our models and makes it have more clinical significance.


Assuntos
Aprendizado de Máquina , Mastite , Recidiva , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , China
7.
Anal Chim Acta ; 1304: 342540, 2024 May 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38637050

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mastitis, a pervasive and detrimental disease in dairy farming, poses a significant challenge to the global dairy industry. Monitoring the milk somatic cell count (SCC) is vital for assessing the incidence of mastitis and the quality of raw cow's milk. However, existing SCC detection methods typically require large-scale instruments and specialized operators, limiting their application in resource-constrained settings such as dairy farms and small-scale labs. To address these limitations, this study introduces a novel, smartphone-based, on-site SCC testing method that leverages smartphone capabilities for milk somatic cell identification and enumeration, offering a portable and user-friendly testing platform. RESULTS: The central findings of our study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for counting milk somatic cells. Its on-site applicability, facilitated by the microfluidic chip, optical system, and smartphone integration, heralds a paradigm shift in point-of-care testing (POCT) for dairy farms and smaller laboratories. This approach bypasses complex processing and presents a user-friendly solution for real-time SCC monitoring in resource-limited settings. This device boasts several unique features: small size, low cost (<$1,000 total manufacturing cost and <$1 per test), and high accuracy. Remarkably, it delivers test results within just 2 min. Actual-sample testing confirmed its consistency with results from the commercial Bentley FTS/FCM cytometer, affirming the reliability of the proposed method. Overall, these results underscore the potential for transformative change in dairy farm management and laboratory testing practices. SIGNIFICANCE: In summary, this study concludes that the proposed smartphone-based method significantly contributes to the accessibility and ease of SCC testing in resource-limited environments. By fostering the use of POCT technology in food safety control, particularly in the dairy industry, this innovative approach has the potential to revolutionize the monitoring and management of mastitis, ultimately benefiting the global dairy sector.


Assuntos
Mastite , Leite , Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Smartphone , Contagem de Células/métodos , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Mastite/veterinária
8.
Vet Med Sci ; 10(3): e1420, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38546016

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ruminant mastitis continues to be a cause of economic losses in the dairy industry and remains a major public health hazard globally. OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Mukurweini Sub-County of Nyeri County, Kenya, to investigate the prevalence of bacteria causing mastitis, risk factors associated with goat mastitis and the antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from the goat milk. METHODS: Farm level data on risk factors for mastitis was obtained from 56 farmers using a semi structured questionnaire. A total of 189 goat milk samples were collected. The goat's udder was observed for signs of clinical mastitis and the California Mastitis Test (CMT) used to test the milk for sub-clinical mastitis. All samples were then cultured for morphological identification of bacteria and strain typing by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI)-Time of Flight (ToF) technique. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia vulneris to eight commonly used antibiotics was done by the disc diffusion method and validated by determining the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (mecA and blaTEM) using polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS: The prevalence of clinical mastitis was 1.1% (2/189) while that of sub-clinical mastitis was 84.7% (160/189). Higher (p < 0.05) prevalence of mastitis was observed in goats whose houses were cleaned fortnightly and in cases where farmers used same towel to dry different does' udders during the milking process. Thirteen different bacterial species were isolated from the milk samples and identified by MALDI-ToF, and these included S. aureus (22.0%), CoNS (20.3%), E. coli (18.1%), Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%), Enterobacter spp. (10.4%), K. oxytoca (6.0%), E. vulneris (1.7%), P. vulgaris (1.7%), Raoutella ornithinolytica (1.7%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1.1%), Pantoea agglomerans (1.1%), Serratia marcescens (1.1%) and Cedeceas spp. (0.6%). One hundred pathogenic bacterial isolates were randomly selected and tested for antibiotic sensitivity to eight antibiotics out of which S. aureus were 97.5% resistant to Oxacillin and 100% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. The CoNSs were 100% resistant to Oxacillin and 100% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. E. coli were 93.9% resistant to Oxacillin, 69.7% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and 87.9% sensitive to both Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Meropenem. The antimicrobial resistant genes detected in S. aureus and E. coli were mecA [66.7%, 0%], and blaTEM [20% and 78.3%], respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the study showed that most of the does were affected by subclinical mastitis with the main causative bacteria being Staphylococci spp. and coliforms. Farmers need to be trained on improved control of mastitis by adoption of good milking practices and use of CMT kit for early detection of mastitis. Occurrence of multidrug resistance by key mastitis causing pathogens was shown to be prevalent and therefore there is need for development of intervention strategies.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Doenças das Cabras , Mastite , Feminino , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Prevalência , Quênia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Staphylococcus , Bactérias , Oxacilina , Ciprofloxacina , Mastite/veterinária , Cabras , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia
9.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 131: 111803, 2024 Apr 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38460298

RESUMO

Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) is a sterile inflammatory condition primarily characterized by periductal inflammation and ductal ectasia. Currently, there is a lack of non-invasive or minimally invasive treatment option other than surgical intervention. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various inflammatory diseases, however, its involvement in PCM has not yet been reported. In this study, we initially observed the pronounced upregulation of NLRP3 in both human and mouse PCM tissue and elucidated the mechanism underlying the attenuation of PCM through inhibition of NLRP3. We established the PCM murine model and collected samples on day 14, when inflammation reached its peak, for subsequent research purposes. MCC950, an NLRP3 inhibitor, was utilized to effectively ameliorate PCM by significantly reducing plasma cell infiltration in mammary tissue, as well as attenuate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-6. Mechanistically, we observed that MCC950 augmented the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which in turn inhibited the infiltration of plasma cells. Furthermore, it was noted that depleting MDSCs greatly compromised the therapeutic efficacy of MCC950. Collectively, our findings suggest that the administration of MCC950 has the potential to impede the progression of PCM by augmenting MDSCs both numerically and functionally, ultimately treating PCM effectively. This study provides valuable insights into the utilization of pharmacological agents for PCM treatment.


Assuntos
Indenos , Mastite , Células Supressoras Mieloides , Feminino , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Células Supressoras Mieloides/metabolismo , Plasmócitos/metabolismo , Sulfonas/farmacologia , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Mastite/tratamento farmacológico , Furanos/uso terapêutico , Furanos/farmacologia
10.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 328: 117998, 2024 Jun 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38484956

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: According to ancient literature, Prunella vulgaris L. (P vulgaris) alleviates mastitis and has been used in China for many years; however, there are no relevant reports that confirm this or the mechanism of its efficacy. AIM OF THE STUDY: To explore the anti-acute mastitis effect and potential mechanism of P vulgaris extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, the active ingredients and targets of P vulgaris against mastitis were predicted using network pharmacology. Next, the relevant active ingredients were enriched using macroporous resins and verified using UV and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Lastly, a mouse model of acute mastitis was established by injecting lipopolysaccharides into the mammary gland and administering P vulgaris extract by oral gavage. The pathological changes in mammary tissue were observed by HE staining. Serum and tissue inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA method. MPO activity in mammary tissue was measured using colorimetry and MPO expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-3, and occludin) in mammary tissue was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. iNOS and COX-2 in mammary tissue were detected by Western blot. MAPK pathway and NF-κB pathway related proteins were also detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Network pharmacology predicted that phenolic acids and flavonoids in P vulgaris had anti-mastitis effects. The contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in P vulgaris extract were 64.5% and 29.4%, respectively. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS confirmed that P vulgaris extract contained phenolic acids and flavonoids. The results of animal experiments showed that P vulgaris extract reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and interstitial congestion of mammary tissue. It also reduced the levels of serum and tissue inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß, and inhibited the activation of MPO. Furthermore, it downregulated the expression of MAPK and NF-κB pathway-related proteins. The expressions of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-3 in mammary gland tissues were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS: P vulgaris extract can maintain the integrity of mammary connective tissue and reduce its inflammatory response to prevent acute mastitis. Its mechanism probably involves regulating NF-κB and MAPK pathways.


Assuntos
Mastite , Prunella , Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Lipopolissacarídeos/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Leite/metabolismo , Ocludina/metabolismo , Claudina-3/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , Mastite/induzido quimicamente , Mastite/tratamento farmacológico , Mastite/metabolismo , Flavonoides/farmacologia
11.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 40(4): 132, 2024 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38470533

RESUMO

Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) is a pathogenic bacterium that is Gram-positive and catalase-negative (GPCN), and it is capable of growing in a wide range of environmental conditions. This bacterium is associated with significant mortality and losses in fisheries, and there are concerns regarding its potential as a zoonotic pathogen, given its presence in cattle and dairy products. While we have identified and characterized virulent strains of L. garvieae through phenotyping and molecular typing studies, their impact on mammary tissue remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the pathogenicity of strong and weak virulent strains of L. garvieae using in vivo mouse models. We aim to establish MAC-T cell model to examine potential injury caused by the strong virulent strain LG41 through the TLR2/NLRP3/NF-kB pathway. Furthermore, we assess the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in dairy mastitis by silencing NLRP3. The outcomes of this study will yield crucial theoretical insights into the potential mechanisms involved in mastitis in cows caused by the L. garvieae-induced inflammatory response in MAC-T cells.


Assuntos
Inflamassomos , Mastite , Humanos , Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Camundongos , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Piroptose , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Lactococcus/metabolismo , Mastite/microbiologia , Mastite/veterinária , Inflamação
12.
J Int Med Res ; 52(3): 3000605241233167, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38483137

RESUMO

Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the breast. It is a benign entity mainly found in nonpregnant and nonlactating women. PCM presents with symptoms of inflammation, breast erythema, masses, and indurations. We herein describe a 26-year-old woman with a 2-year history of right breast swelling and a 1-year history of left breast swelling during pregnancy and lactation. She was clinically diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer, but a biopsy specimen revealed PCM. During pregnancy and lactation, PCM can present as bilateral lesions. Early presentation and diagnosis are crucial because PCM, a benign disease, can lead to remarkable morbidity if allowed to progress to an advanced stage.


Assuntos
Doenças Mamárias , Neoplasias da Mama , Mastite , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Plasmócitos , Mastite/diagnóstico , Mastite/etiologia , Mastite/patologia , Mama
13.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 103(9): e37367, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428874

RESUMO

We investigated 1805 cases of breast abscesses during lactation to estimate the risk factors for multiple breast abscesses during lactation. A total of 2000 cases of breast abscesses during lactation were investigated using an online questionnaire, and 1805 cases with complete data were analyzed. The survey response rate was 90%. According to the number of abscesses, the patients were divided into 2 groups: single breast abscess (number = 1298) and multiple breast abscess (number = 507). Pearson chi-square test was used to compare the 15 risk factors between the 2 groups. Risk factors with significant differences were substituted into a binary logistic regression model to analyze the independent risk factors associated with multiple breast abscesses during lactation. There were significant differences between the 2 groups in (1) weeks postpartum, (2) separated from the baby, (3) breastfeeding exclusivity, (4) nipple inversion, (5) fever, (6) breast redness/swelling, (7) nipple pain, (8) breast massage by nonmedical staff, with (1), (5), (6), and (8) being independent risk factors. Patients under 6 weeks postpartum, separated from the baby, not exclusively breastfeeding, having an inverted nipple on the affected side, fever, breast skin redness and swelling on the affected side, nipple pain, and having undergone a breast massage by nonmedical staff are more likely to develop multiple breast abscesses.


Assuntos
Doenças Mamárias , Empiema Pleural , Mastite , Mastodinia , Feminino , Humanos , Aleitamento Materno/efeitos adversos , Abscesso/etiologia , Abscesso/complicações , Lactação , Doenças Mamárias/epidemiologia , Doenças Mamárias/etiologia , Mastite/epidemiologia , Mastite/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Empiema Pleural/complicações
14.
Life Sci ; 342: 122533, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428570

RESUMO

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding for 6 months, but mastitis, a common disease during lactation, presents a major obstacle to fulfilling this recommendation. Maternal nutrient intake during lactation has been shown to be related to mastitis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of hesperetin, a phytonutrient, on mastitis. The oral administration of hesperetin to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis mice alleviated their pathological damage, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and maintained the integrity of their blood-milk barrier. Moreover, our results showed that oral administration of hesperetin regulates the composition of the intestinal flora of mice. Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) from the mice of hesperetin group alleviated LPS-induced mastitis in recipient mice. In additional, hesperetin attenuated the inflammatory response and increased the expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) in LPS-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs). Through network pharmacological analysis and further research, we demonstrated hesperetin inhibits the expression of TLR4 and the activation of NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, hesperetin protects the blood-milk barrier and improve mastitis by regulating intestinal flora and inhibiting the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling axis. This study provides a theoretical basis for lactating females to consume hesperetin as a supplement to prevent mastitis and maintain mammary health.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hesperidina , Mastite , Humanos , Feminino , Animais , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Leite/metabolismo , Lactação , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Mastite/prevenção & controle , Mastite/metabolismo , Mastite/patologia , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/metabolismo
15.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 26(101): 71-74, ene.-mar. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231781

RESUMO

Presentamos el caso de una niña de 27 días de vida, sin antecedentes de interés, que acude a su pediatra por edema y hematoma en la mama derecha. La paciente acude al día siguiente a las urgencias hospitalarias por evolución del cuadro hacia un absceso mamario, teniendo que ser ingresada e iniciando tratamiento antibiótico intravenoso. Dada la mala evolución, y a pesar del tratamiento antibiótico, se decide intervención quirúrgica mediante drenaje y lavado de la cavidad. Finalmente, se resuelve el cuadro sin secuelas posteriores. (AU)


We present a 27-day-old girl with no significant medical history who attended pediatric consultation presenting with edema and hematoma in her right breast. The patient was admitted the next day following examination in ER due to the worsening of a starting breast abscess and was treated with intravenous antibiotic therapy. Due to the worsening of the condition and despite the intravenous antibiotic therapy, a surgical treatment was performed consisting in draining the abscess and washing the cavity. Finally, the problem was solved without any consequences. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Abscesso/diagnóstico , Abscesso/cirurgia , Doenças Mamárias/diagnóstico , Doenças Mamárias/cirurgia , Pediatria , Mastite
16.
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim ; 60(2): 183-194, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38409638

RESUMO

Mammary fibrosis in dairy cows is a chronic condition caused by mastitis, and can lead to serious culling of dairy cows resulting in huge economic losses in the dairy industry. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert an important role in regulating mammary gland health in dairy cows. This study investigated whether exosomal miRNAs in mammary epithelial cells can regulate the proliferation of bovine mammary fibroblasts (BMFBs) in mastitis. Liposome transfection technology was used to construct a cellular model of the overexpression and inhibition of miRNAs. The STarMir software, dual luciferase reporter gene test, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and a Western Blot and plate clone formation test were used to investigate the mechanism by which bta-miR-1296 regulates the proliferation of BMFBs. Target gene prediction results revealed that glutamate-ammonia ligase was a direct target gene by which bta-miR-1296 regulates cell proliferation. It was found that bta-miR-1296 significantly inhibited the proliferation of BMFBs. After BMFBs were transfected with a bta-miR-1296 mimic, mRNA expression in the extracellular matrix (ECM), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1α1) and collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3α1), and various cell growth factors (basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1)) were down-regulated, and the expressions of α-SMA, COL1α1, COL3α1, phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases, phospho-protein kinase B, TGF-ß1, and phospho-Smad family member3 proteins were inhibited. In conclusion, bta-miR-1296 can inhibit the proliferation of BMFBs and the synthesis of ECM in BMFBs, thus affecting the occurrence and development of mammary fibrosis in dairy cows and laying the foundation for further studies to clarify the regulatory mechanism of mammary fibrosis.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Proliferação de Células , Mastite , MicroRNAs , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Fibroblastos , Fibrose , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/metabolismo , Mastite/metabolismo , Mastite/veterinária , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/farmacologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo
17.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist ; 36: 326-335, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38307251

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to examine the diversity of Staphylococcus aureus from mastitis milk samples of cows in Rwanda. METHODS: A total of 1080 quarter milk samples from 279 dairy cows were collected in 80 different farms from all five provinces of Rwanda. In total, 135 S. aureus isolates were obtained and subjected to genotyping (spa typing, DNA microarray, whole-genome sequencing (WGS)), antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and phenotypic profiling by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (including capsular serotyping). RESULTS: Resistance to penicillin and/or tetracycline was most frequently observed. Ten sequence types (STs) (ST1, ST151, ST152, ST5477, ST700, ST7110, ST7983, ST7984, ST8320, ST97) belonging to seven clonal complexes (CCs) (CC1, CC130, CC152, CC3591, CC3666, CC705, CC97) were detected. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes (lukF-PV/lukS-PV), the bovine leukocidin genes (lukM/lukF-P83) and the human and bovine toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst-1 variants were detected. FTIR-based capsular serotyping showed CC-specific differences. Most CC97 (cap5 allele) isolates were primarily nonencapsulated (82%), whereas isolates of CC3591 and CC3666 (cap8 allele) were mostly encapsulated (86.4% and 57.8%, respectively). Our results underline the widespread global distribution of cattle-adapted CC97. CONCLUSION: The presence of CC3591 and CC3666 in bovine mastitis suggests an important role in cattle health and dairy production in Rwanda. The results of the present study support the need for a rigorous One-Health Surveillance program of the bovine-human interface.


Assuntos
Mastite , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus , Ruanda/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Antibacterianos/farmacologia
18.
Microbiol Spectr ; 12(4): e0426323, 2024 Apr 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38376365

RESUMO

Recycled manure solids (RMS) is used as bedding material in cow housing but can be at risk for pathogens development. Cows spend several hours per day lying down, contributing to the transfer of potential mastitis pathogens from the bedding to the udder. The effect of a bacterial conditioner (Manure Pro, MP) application was studied on RMS-bedding and milk qualities and on animal health. MP product was applied on bedding once a week for 3 months. Bedding and teat skin samples were collected from Control and MP groups at D01, D51, and D90 and analyzed through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. MP application modified bacterial profiles and diversity. Control bedding was significantly associated with potential mastitis pathogens, while no taxa of potential health risk were significantly detected in MP beddings. Functional prediction identified enrichment of metabolic pathways of agronomic interest in MP beddings. Significant associations with potential mastitis pathogens were mainly observed in Control teat skin samples. Finally, significantly better hygiene and lower Somatic Cell Counts in milk were observed for cows from MP group, while no group impact was observed on milk quality and microbiota. No dissemination of MP strains was observed from bedding to teats or milk. IMPORTANCE: The use of Manure Pro (MP) conditioner improved recycled manure solids-bedding quality and this higher sanitary condition had further impacts on dairy cows' health with less potential mastitis pathogens significantly associated with bedding and teat skin samples of animals from MP group. The animals also presented an improved inflammation status, while milk quality was not modified. The use of MP conditioner on bedding may be of interest in controlling the risk of mastitis onset for dairy cows and further associated costs.


Assuntos
Esterco , Mastite , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , Humanos , Esterco/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Abrigo para Animais , Bactérias/genética , Roupas de Cama, Mesa e Banho
19.
BMC Womens Health ; 24(1): 106, 2024 Feb 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38331786

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: It is well known that breastfeeding plays an important role in the health of women and children. However, women are not always given optimal support and most do not reach their breastfeeding goals. About one in five, breastfeeding women report mastitis and a small proportion of these develop a breast abscess. Our aim was to describe the experiences of a group of Swedish breastfeeding women who developed a breast abscess. METHODS: A qualitative cross-sectional study with 18 study participants was undertaken in Sweden in 2017-2018. Potential participants were identified through electronic medical records at a university hospital and invited to participate in audio-recorded telephone interviews. Women were between 2 and 24 months postpartum at the time of the interview, on average 8 months. We conducted a thematic analysis in six steps according to Braun and Clark. RESULTS: Our analysis identified two themes: 1) Seeking care and receiving treatment was long and unpleasant, and 2) Importance of adequate professional care. Women who experienced a breast abscess were uncertain about where to ask for professional help. They often had a long wait for the right time to undergo the unpleasant and painful procedure of draining their breast abscess. The women felt it was important to receive professional care with respectful communication, continuity of care, and to receive adequate information, but they did not always receive this level of care. CONCLUSIONS: Women with puerperal breast abscesses often fall between medical specialty areas. No longer under the care of obstetricians and maternity services, their problem is too complicated for general practitioners or emergency departments, but not regarded as serious by breast surgeons. Healthcare professionals urgently need adequate training in order to deal with breastfeeding problems and be able to offer women-centred care.


Assuntos
Doenças Mamárias , Mastite , Criança , Feminino , Gravidez , Cobaias , Humanos , Animais , Abscesso/terapia , Suécia , Estudos Transversais , Mastite/terapia , Doenças Mamárias/terapia , Aleitamento Materno , Pesquisa Qualitativa
20.
Anim Reprod Sci ; 262: 107430, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38364503

RESUMO

In this study, we investigated the effects of mammary inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infusions on pregnancy function during early pregnancy in goats. In Experiment 1, pregnant goats were subjected to an intramammary LPS infusion for 1 week from Days 60-66 after natural mating (n = 5), and in Experiment 2, they received intramammary infusions of either saline, LPS, or SA for 1 week from Days 45-51 after natural mating (n = 15). Blood was collected to determine the plasma cytokine, cortisol, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α (PGFM), and progesterone levels. Pregnancy length was significantly longer in the LPS-treated group than that for the saline-treated group of experiment 2. Cytokine levels (IL-1ß, IL-8, Tumor necrosis factor-α: TNF-α) after LPS (in both Experiments 1 and 2) and SA (in Experiment 2) infusion were significantly higher compared with those before infusion. In Experiment 2, the SA-infused group showed significantly higher TNF-α concentrations than those in the saline group. Cortisol levels increased in both experiment 1 and 2 after LPS infusion, but not after saline and SA treatments. Furthermore, PGFM levels increased after LPS infusion in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, LPS- and SA-infused goats showed significantly higher PGFM levels than those in the saline-infused goats. However, the progesterone levels decreased after LPS treatment in Experiment 1. Our results show that intramammary LPS infusion during the early stage of pregnancy in goats induces inflammatory cytokine and stress hormone production, which prolongs the pregnancy period.


Assuntos
Doenças das Cabras , Mastite , Gravidez , Feminino , Animais , Lactação , Hidrocortisona , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Progesterona/farmacologia , Cabras , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Citocinas , Mastite/veterinária
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